CADET CHALLENGE #4

Here is Cadet Challenge #4: 

For NS 1: 100 Gold Coins

Five pirates have obtained 100 gold coins and have to divide up the loot. The pirates are all extremely intelligent, treacherous and selfish (especially the captain).

The captain always proposes a distribution of the loot. All pirates vote on the proposal, and if half the crew or more go "Aye", the loot is divided as proposed, as no pirate would be willing to take on the captain without superior force on their side.

If the captain fails to obtain support of at least half his crew (which includes himself), he faces a mutiny, and all pirates will turn against him and make him walk the plank. The pirates start over again with the next senior pirate as captain.

What is the maximum number of coins the captain can keep without risking his life?

For NS 2+:  Two Kids

A couple has two children, one of whom is a girl.  What is the probability that the other is also a girl? (You may safely assume that the genetic probability of having a baby of either sex is 50%.)

This challenge will expire at 0730, Monday 20 October 2014.  The winner for the NS 1 category will receive a NJROTC ball cap.  The upper class winner will receive a MHS NJROTC pen.  As always, you must be prepared to discuss your solution and demonstrate you understand your work. 

Good Luck!